導(dǎo)語：論文的格式:英語醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的格式和要求一文來源于網(wǎng)友上傳，不代表本站觀點(diǎn)，若需要原創(chuàng)文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：醫(yī)學(xué)科研

4)討論部分

總的要求：Theauthorshouldtellthereaderwhattheresultsmeanbyplacingtheminthecontextofpreviouspublishedstudiesoftheproblem,即：與先有研究相比，本研究有何意義。

具體要求：

A．簡要說明研究背景（background）

B．簡要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn)（generalfindings）；

C．介紹具體要點(diǎn)（introductionofpoints）

D．與現(xiàn)有發(fā)現(xiàn)（若有）進(jìn)行比較（comparisoninthecontextofotherstudies）

E．意義（suggestedmeaning）

F．結(jié)論（conclusion）

G．前瞻研究（futurestudies）

結(jié)論往往是論文中最長也是最難寫的部分，主要原因是作者要對(duì)研究結(jié)果和發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析、推斷、演繹和推理，要求作者具有很強(qiáng)邏輯思維能力和英語文字組織能力。此外，這部分時(shí)態(tài)比較復(fù)雜，要分清實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和結(jié)果（過去時(shí)）與分析意見（確定：現(xiàn)在時(shí)；不確定或假設(shè)：過去時(shí)）的區(qū)別；他人研究結(jié)果（過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）與本研究結(jié)果（過去時(shí)）的區(qū)別；普遍適用的結(jié)論（現(xiàn)在時(shí)）與只適用本研究的結(jié)論（過去時(shí)）的其別等。因此，對(duì)于however,may,might,could,would,possibly,probably,belikelyto等詞（組）的使用以及webelieve(think/consider)that,toourknowledge,inourexperience(practice)等插入語的使用就顯得格外重要。

示例：

Parenteralnutritionisbeingusedwithincreasingfrequencyasaprimarysourceofcaloricsupportinadultandpediatricpatientswithgastrointestinalproblems.NumerouscomplicationshavebeenassociatedwiththeadministrationofTPN,includingasignificantlyincreasedncidenceofgallbladderdisease[3-5,7].Thedataheresuggestthatcholecyste

ctomyisoftenrequiredforthemanagementofsymptomaticgallbladderdiseaseinthisgroupofpatients,andisassociatedwithsignificantrisks.[說明研究背景，包括意義]Ofthe35patientswhorequiredcholecystectomyforTPN-inducedgallbladderdisease,operativemorbidityandmortalitywere54percentand11percent,respectively.Maingot[8]hasstatedthatcholecystectomy“isoneofthesimplestandsafestoftheabdominaloperations,andisass

ociatedwithalowoperativemortalityrate(about0.5percent).Areviewofthepediatricliteraturesuggeststhatwhencholecystectomyisperformedinchildren,theoperativemorbidityislessthan10percent,andthemortalityislessthan1percent.[8,9]Glenn[11]hasreportedamortalityrateoflessthan0.1percentinover5,000patientsunder

theageof50yearswhounderwentcholecystectomy.Themorbidityandmortalityobservedinourgroupofreceivinglong-termTPN,therefore,werefarinexcessofwhatwouldbeexpectedforapopulationofpatientswhosemeanagewas29years.

[提出本研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)并將其與其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相比較]

Ourdatasuggestthatarespecificfactorsuniquetopatientswhorequirelong-termTPNthatcontributetotheincreasedmortalityandmorbidityassociatedwithcholecystectomyinthisselectgroup.[以下，作者用較大篇幅分析了這類病人死亡率和并發(fā)癥增高的臨床、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和手術(shù)等方面的原因，原文從略]

Basedontheresultsofourstudies,webelievethatearlycholecystectomyisindicatedinpatientswithTPN-inducedgallbladderdisease.Obviously,allpatientswithsymptomaticdiseaseshouldundergocholecystectomyunlesstherespecificmedicalcontraindications.Theseoperationsshouldbeperformedinatimely,electivefashionbecausedelaymayresultintheneedforurgentsurgeryandthereby,increaseanalreadyhighrisk.Althoughrecentstudieshavesuggestedthatcholecystectoymaynotbewarrantedinotherwisehealthypatientswithasymptomaticgallbladderdisease[20],webelievethatthisaxiomdoesnotapplytopatie

ntswithTPN-inducedgallbladderdisease.OutdatasuggestthatthenaturalhistoryofgallbladderdiseaseinpatientsreceivingTPNisconsiderablydifferentfromthatoftheircounterpartsnotreceivingTPN.Basedonourfindings,werecommendelectivecholecystectomyinpatientsreceivingTPNwhengallstonesfirstappear.Furthermore,cholecystectomyshouldbeconsidered,especiallyinchildrenwithoutstoneswhoareun

dergoinglaparotomyforotherreasons.[從對(duì)結(jié)果的分析及與其他研究的比較得出結(jié)論性意見，這是討論部分最重要的內(nèi)容]WhetherTPN-inducedgallstonescanbepreventedthroughdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawaitstheresultsoffurtherstudies.[前瞻研究]

5）致謝部分

總的要求：Alwaysgetapprovalofyourintentiontomentionsomeoneintheacknowledgementandapprovaloftheforminwhichyouwillpresenttheacknowledgement,即：致謝詞和致謝方式必須征得受謝人或單位的同意。

6)參考文獻(xiàn)

總的要求：Referencestylesshouldbespecifictoeachjournal,既：根據(jù)各雜志的具體要求，因?yàn)楦麟s志對(duì)參考文獻(xiàn)部分的編排順序和格式不盡統(tǒng)一。

現(xiàn)將URMSBJ要求的20多種參考文獻(xiàn)中最常見的5種格式列舉如下：

1）VegaKJ,PinaI,KrevskyB.Hearttransplantationisassociatedwithanincreasedriskforpancreatobiliarydisease.AnnInternMed1996Jun1;124(11):980-3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雜志文章]

2）TheCardiacSocietyofAustraliaandNewZealand.Clinicalexcisestresstesting:Safetyandperformanceguidelines.MedJAust1996;164:282-4.[作者是個(gè)組織]

3）CancerinSouthAfrica[editorial].SAfrMedJ1984;84:15.[無作者名]

4）ShenHM,ZhangQF.Riskassessmentofnickelcardiogenicityandoccupationallungcancer.EnvironHealthPerspect1994;102Suppl1:275-82.[某雜志增刊]

5）BrowellDA,LennardTW.Immunologicstatusofthecancerpatientandtheeffectsofbloodtransfusiononantitumorresponses.CurrOpinGenSurg1993;325-33[無期無卷]

7)插圖說明

總的要求：Typeorpointoutlegendsforillustrationsusingdoublespacing,startingonaseparatepage,既：插圖說明要另頁雙行打印。當(dāng)插圖中有箭頭（arrow）、符號(hào)（symbol）、數(shù)字（number）或字母（letter）時(shí)，要在這部分（不是在插圖頁上）對(duì)其方向、位置等作出非常明確的說明。

8）插圖

總的要求：Designyourfiguresfortheappropriatereduction,即：插圖要按雜志的版面大小比例進(jìn)行壓縮；不要把插圖拍成照片。

9）表格

總的要求：Atableshouldbeatotallyself-containedunitofinformation,即：表格要作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的信息單位另頁打印。表格要簡明清楚，完整（標(biāo)題、內(nèi)容和腳注），即使只有一張表格也要標(biāo)Table1。

10）照片和說明

總的要求：與7）、8）部分相同。