導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：居民人力資本投資論文一文來(lái)源于網(wǎng)友上傳，不代表本站觀點(diǎn)，若需要原創(chuàng)文章可咨詢(xún)客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)理論揭示，人力資本積累在決定勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和個(gè)人收入方面起著越來(lái)越重要的作用，是當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)最為重要的源泉之一。由于相關(guān)費(fèi)用的不斷上漲，并且缺乏相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用分?jǐn)倷C(jī)制，因此醫(yī)療、教育等相關(guān)費(fèi)用的上升在造成了居民的支出壓力的同時(shí)也使得不同居民的相關(guān)支出在更大程度上受到收入水平的制約，與收入之間的聯(lián)系更加密切。不同收入等級(jí)之間的支付能力差異將轉(zhuǎn)化為人力資本投資水平的差異性。在人力資本投資方面，健康與教育支出是兩個(gè)很重要的方面，這也是近年來(lái)社會(huì)公眾所普遍關(guān)注并反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。教育就是形成人力資本的重要途徑。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，提高健康資本存量對(duì)于農(nóng)民獲得非農(nóng)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、增加非農(nóng)收入具有重要作用?？梢?jiàn)，健康資本作為人力資本的一個(gè)重要組成部分，對(duì)農(nóng)民提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、增加收入具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。在1996—2002年期間，城鄉(xiāng)人均、教育費(fèi)用的差異在逐步上升。1996年，城鎮(zhèn)人均醫(yī)療費(fèi)用大約為農(nóng)村居民的2.5倍，2002年上升到4倍以上，隨后幾年基本穩(wěn)定，2005年有所下降，降為3.5倍左右；城鄉(xiāng)人均教育費(fèi)用差異也從1996年的不到3倍上升到2002年的4倍以上，隨后基本穩(wěn)定。這種變化顯然與相關(guān)公共支出的城鄉(xiāng)差異有密切的聯(lián)系，這也從一個(gè)方面表明，改善城鄉(xiāng)居民的公共支出結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于緩解城鄉(xiāng)居民的人力資本投資差距具有重要的影響。我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民人力資本投資差異的主要原因：城鄉(xiāng)收入差距很大，而且國(guó)家政策扶植力度不夠?qū)е鲁青l(xiāng)收入的差距在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。政策力度不夠主要表現(xiàn)的方面為：（1）教育資源配置不平衡是城鄉(xiāng)收入差距拉大的重要因素；（2）醫(yī)療健康投入的不公平性是城鄉(xiāng)收入差距拉大是另一深層誘因；（3）農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)遷移受制度約束，使城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進(jìn)一步拉大。

關(guān)鍵詞：人力資本投資；收入差異；投資行為

TheAnalysisofHumanCapitalInvestmentBehaviorinChina

Abstract:TheModernEconomicGrowthTheoryrevealsthathumancapitalaccumulationWhichplaysanincreasingimportantroleindecidinglaborproductivityandpersonalincomeisoneofthemostimportantsourcesofcurrenteconomicgrowth.Becausetherelevantexpendituresriseincreasinglyandthereisnotcorrespondingsystemforcostallocation,therisingchargesofmedicalcare,educationandsomeotheraspectswhichcausegreatpressureofresidentsaboutexpendituremakedifferentresidents’correspondingexpenditureundertherestrictingofincomelevelandmoreclosewiththecontactofincomes.Thedifferencesofpayingcapacityamongdifferentincomegradeswillbeturnintodifferencesoflevelsofhumancapitalinvestment.Theexpenseofhealthyandeducationarebothimportantinhumancapitalinvestment,andthatisthekeyproblemwhichthegeneralpublicconcernandreactstrongly.

Educationisanimportantapproachtotheformingofhumancapital.Studiesfoundthatimprovingthestorkofthecapitalofhealthyhasaveryimportantfunctionforpeasantsgettingopportunitiesofnon-agriculturalemploymentandaddingincomesfromit.Thatistosay,asanimportantcomponentpartofhumancapital,healthycapitalhasafar-reachingsignificanceforpeasantsimprovinglaborproductivityandincreasingincomes.During1996to2002,thedifferencesofpercapitabetweenurbanandrural,thecostofeducationarerisinggradually.Theaveragemedicalchargeinurbanwasabout2.5timeshigherthaninthetotalin1996,whilein2002,itincreasedmorethan4times,thenitwasstableinafewyearslatertill2005andwasabout3.5timeslowerinthatyear.Differencesinaveragecostsofeducationbetweenurbanandruralhadrosefromlesstan3timesin1996tomorethan4timesin2002,andthenwerestablesubsequently.Thischangeisobviouslyinseparabletothedifferencesofpublicexpenditurebothinurbanandrural,andthisalsoshowsimprovingthepublicexpenditurestructuresofpeopleresidingintownandcountrysidehasimportanteffectonreleasingthegapofHumanCapitalInvestment.ThemainreasonsofdifferencesforChina’shumancapitalinvestmentare:theexcessiveincomedifferentialinurbanandruralanditscontinuingwidenforlackingthepowerofpolicysupport.Theinadequatepolicystrengthismainlyexpressedon:(1)theimbalanceintheallocationofeducationalresourcesistheimportantfactorsofwideningincomegapinurbanandrural；（2）theunfairnessofhealthinputisanotherdeepincentiveofwideningtheurbanandruralincomegap；（3）employment-mobilityofruralworkforceisrestrainedbypolicywhichiswideningtheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralareas.

Keywords:humancapitalinvestment;Incomedifference;Investmentbehavior